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This study assesses flood vulnerability and risk among small-scale vegetable farmers in the flood-prone East Coast region of Malaysia, specifically in Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang. Floods, a dominant natural disaster in Malaysia, severely impact agriculture, with losses reaching RM271 million from 2021 to 2023, threatening food security and farmers’ livelihoods. Using a quantitative approach, this research aims to identify key vulnerability factors (exposure, susceptibility and resilience) across social, economic, physical and environmental dimensions. Primary data from farmer questionnaires and secondary data on rainfall, elevation, and river proximity are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods to compute Flood Vulnerability and Flood Risk Indices. These indices will map vulnerability and risk levels across districts and evaluate their interrelationships. The findings are expected to inform targeted mitigation strategies, enhance farmer resilience and guide policymakers in developing climate-smart policies to support sustainable agricultural development and food security in Malaysia.