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Landslides have become a frequent and destructive occurrence in Malaysia, largely due to slope failures that necessitate effective stabilization techniques. Soil nailing, a method that provides structural reinforcement by inserting nails into the soil, presents a viable solution because of its space and material efficiency compared to traditional retaining walls. This study investigated the impact of soil nail inclination on slope stability, utilizing Geo Studio for design analysis and simulations.

The primary focus was on understanding how variations in nail inclination and soil strength parameters, particularly soil cohesion, affected the global factor of safety. The research demonstrated that increasing soil cohesion enhanced slope stability, as indicated by Geo Studio simulations. Additionally, the study explored optimal nail inclinations, hypothesizing that steeper inclinations improve the factor of safety.

The findings revealed significant relationships between the factor of safety (FOS) and key soil parameters, such as cohesion and friction angle, as well as the inclination of the soil nails. Specifically, the analysis showed that higher cohesion and friction angles led to improved slope stability. A detailed investigation into the factor of safety versus nail inclination was conducted, with results presented in the data analysis section.

Furthermore, optimization of nail inclination was performed, focusing on readings of cohesion and friction angle to ensure a minimum factor of safety of 1.5. Using regression analysis, an equation was established to determine the minimum soil nail inclination required to achieve the desired factor of safety. This equation provides a practical tool for engineers to design safe and efficient slope stabilization systems.

All objectives were achieved and demonstrated in this research, underscoring its significance in informing more effective, cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly construction practices. By optimizing soil nail designs, this study contributes to safer infrastructure development, mitigating geological hazards and ensuring the long-term resilience of slopes, excavations, and retaining walls. Ultimately, this work highlights the critical need for precise engineering interventions to prevent slope failures and protect both infrastructure and human lives.